0x0d9, Yieldblox, and Holdstation Exploits: $10.64M Lost to Authorization Bypass, Oracle Manipulation, and Key Compromise
0x0d9 lost $180K after empty signature arrays bypassed authorization checks. Yieldbox lost $10M when a low-liquidity oracle allowed an attacker to inflate collateral prices and overborrow. Holdstation lost $462K after a compromised developer key enabled a malicious contract upgrade. Three different failures—access control, oracle design, and key security—combined to cause over $10.6M in losses.
In Brief
0x0d9 lost $180K because of bypassed authorization checks.
Yieldbox lost $10M after a low-liquidity oracle was manipulated to inflate collateral value.
Holdstation lost $462K due to a compromised developer key.
Hacks Analysis
0x0d9 | Amount Lost: $180K
On February 27th, the 0x0d9 contract exploit on the BSC resulted in a $180K loss. The root cause of the exploit was missing access control for non-empty signature inputs in _verifySignatures() function. This function only required allSigners.length == signatures.length. If both arrays were empty, the check passed. The attacker submitted empty allSigners and signatures arrays and the contract treated the request as verified. This bypassed signature authorization and allowed the attacker to withdraw funds.
Exploited Contract (on BNB): 0x79f9b0b81e08efc3690bb78611620cb1b708fccb
On February 22nd, the YieldBlox Blend pool exploit on Stellar resulted in a $10M loss. The root cause of the exploit was an price oracle manipulation of a low liquidity USTRY/USDC market. The protocol relied on a VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price) oracle which calculated the price using recent trades and their volume. Because the market had almost no activity, the attacker was able to increase the USTRY price from $1 to $106 with a single swap. The attacker first deposited 13,003 USTRY, borrowed 1,000,196 USDC, then added 140,000 more USTRY as collateral and borrowed 61,249,278 XLM to make a profit.
Exploited Contract (on Stellar): CCCCIQSDILITHMM7PBSLVDT5MISSY7R26MNZXCX4H7J5JQ5FPIYOGYFS
On January 28th, the Holdstation exploit on World Chain and BSC resulted in a $462K loss. The root cause of the exploit was a malicious IDE extension that exposed a private key used to manage protocol upgrades. The attacker gained upgrade permissions on the Vault Proxy contract and upgraded the proxy to point to a malicious contract. This allowed the attacker to withdraw funds and make a profit.
Exploited Contract (on BNB): 0xA581ED1dEB42E8496E5275468C79D250b91d6a75
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Follow-up: Conduct a follow-up review to ensure that the remediation steps were effective and that the smart contract is now secure.
Follow-up: Conduct a follow-up review to ensure that the remediation steps were effective and that the smart contract is now secure.
In Brief
Remitano suffered a $2.7M loss due to a private key compromise.
GAMBL’s recommendation system was exploited.
DAppSocial lost $530K due to a logic vulnerability.
Rocketswap’s private keys were inadvertently deployed on the server.
Hacks
Hacks Analysis
Huobi | Amount Lost: $8M
On September 24th, the Huobi Global exploit on the Ethereum Mainnet resulted in a $8 million loss due to the compromise of private keys. The attacker executed the attack in a single transaction by sending 4,999 ETH to a malicious contract. The attacker then created a second malicious contract and transferred 1,001 ETH to this new contract. Huobi has since confirmed that they have identified the attacker and has extended an offer of a 5% white hat bounty reward if the funds are returned to the exchange.
